387 research outputs found
La riproduzione di uno spazio subalterno. Abitazione, classi marginali e resistenza in una città del Sud
Il presente studio esplora gli sviluppi storici della stratificazione urbana in una città del Meridione d'Italia. Attraverso 85 interviste in profondità e l'analisi delle più importanti fasi della ricostruzione che hanno seguito un disastroso terremoto nel 1908, gli autori indagano le forze che, nel corso di un secolo, hanno spinto migliaia di individui in baracche e case popolari fatiscenti erette in città . Gli autori sostengono che l'"economia del disastro" e la "shock economy" non costituiscono un tratto saliente della nostra epoca. Al contrario, gli elementi che caratterizano i contemporanei processi speculativi da disastro erano largamente attivi già all'inizio del XX secolo. Questo articolo, pertanto, mostra le conseguenze di lunga durata degli approcci speculativi alla gestione dei disastri e riflette intorno alle forme di resistenza delle popolazioni subalterne nei confronti di un'organizzazione di vita che è iniziata all'indomani di un remoto terremoto e che condiziona ancora le condizioni di vita e i modi di riproduzione.This study explores the historical development of urban stratification in an Italian Southern city, Messina. By means of 85 in-depth interviews and the analysis of the most important phases of the reconstruction following a disastrous earthquake taking place in 1908, the authors investigate the coercive forces that, over the course of a century, have pushed thousands of individuals to occupy shanties and deprived project areas within the city. The authors claim that the "economy of disaster" and the "shock economy", are not a specific feature of current epoch. On the contrary, the elements characterizing the contemporary disaster-related speculative processes were largely active at the beginning of the XX century. This article, then, shows the long-lasting social consequences of speculative approaches to the management of disasters, and reflects on the forms of resistance of subaltern populations to an organization of life that started in the aftermath of a remote earthquake, and still affects their life condition and methods of reproduction
Accretion in the Early Kuiper Belt II. Fragmentation
We describe new planetesimal accretion calculations in the Kuiper Belt that
include fragmentation and velocity evolution. All models produce two power law
cumulative size distributions, N_C propto r^{-q}, with q = 2.5 for radii less
than 0.3-3 km and q = 3 for radii exceeding 1-3 km. The power law indices are
nearly independent of the initial mass in the annulus, the initial eccentricity
of the planetesimal swarm, and the initial size distribution of the
planetesimal swarm. The transition between the two power laws moves to larger
radii as the initial eccentricity increases. The maximum size of objects
depends on their intrinsic tensile strength; Pluto formation requires a
strength exceeding 300 erg per gram. Our models yield formation timescales for
Pluto-sized objects of 30-40 Myr for a minimum mass solar nebula. The
production of several `Plutos' and more than 10^5 50 km radius Kuiper Belt
objects leaves most of the initial mass in 0.1-10 km radius objects that can be
collisionally depleted over the age of the solar system. These results resolve
the puzzle of large Kuiper Belt objects in a small mass Kuiper Belt.Comment: to appear in the Astronomical Journal (July 1999); 54 pages including
7 tables and 13 figure
LAGEOS-type Satellites in Critical Supplementary Orbit Configuration and the Lense-Thirring Effect Detection
In this paper we analyze quantitatively the concept of LAGEOS--type
satellites in critical supplementary orbit configuration (CSOC) which has
proven capable of yielding various observables for many tests of General
Relativity in the terrestrial gravitational field, with particular emphasis on
the measurement of the Lense--Thirring effect.Comment: LaTex2e, 20 pages, 7 Tables, 6 Figures. Changes in Introduction,
Conclusions, reference added, accepted for publication in Classical and
Quantum Gravit
Impactor flux and cratering on Ceres and Vesta: Implications for the early Solar System
We study the impactor flux and cratering on Ceres and Vesta caused by the
collisional and dynamical evolution of the asteroid Main Belt. We develop a
statistical code based on a well-tested model for the simultaneous evolution of
the Main Belt and NEA size distributions. This code includes catastrophic
collisions and noncollisional removal processes such as the Yarkovsky effect
and the orbital resonances. The model assumes that the dynamical depletion of
the early Main Belt was very strong, and owing to that, most Main Belt
comminution occurred when its dynamical structure was similar to the present
one. Our results indicate that the number of D > 1 km Main Belt asteroids
striking Ceres and Vesta over the Solar System history are approximately 4 600
and 1 100 respectively. The largest Main Belt asteroids expected to have
impacted Ceres and Vesta had diameters of 71.7 km and 21.1 km. The number of D
> 0.1 km craters on Ceres is \sim 3.4 \times 10^8 and 6.2 \times 10^7 on Vesta.
The number of craters with D > 100 km are 47 on Ceres and 8 on Vesta. Our study
indicates that the D = 460 km crater observed on Vesta had to be formed by the
impact of a D \sim 66.2 km projectile, which has a probability of occurr \sim
30% over the Solar System history. If significant discrepancies between our
results about the cratering on Ceres and Vesta and data obtained from the Dawn
Mission were found, they should be linked to a higher degree of collisional
evolution during the early Main Belt and/or the existence of the late heavy
bombardment. An increase in the collisional activity in the early phase may be
provided for an initial configuration of the giant planets consistent with, for
example, the Nice model. From this, the Dawn Mission would be able to give us
clues about the initial configuration of the early Solar System and its
subsequent dynamical evolution.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Colovesical fistulae in the sigmoid diverticulitis
Nella maggior parte dei casi le fistole colovescicali rappresentano una complicanza della malattia diverticolare e sono la tipologia più comune di fistola colodigestiva; meno comuni sono le fistole colovaginali, colocutanee, coloenteriche e colouterine. Nel presente lavoro abbiamo effettuato una review della letteratura riguardante le fistole colovescicali in chirurgia colorettale per diverticolite del sigma. Decriviamo anche due casi che hanno richiesto un trattamento chirurgico, in uno in elezione e nell’altro in urgenza. In entrambi i casi abbiamo eseguito una resezione colica con anastomosi primaria e minimaresezione vesvicale con posizionamento di catetere di Foley in media per 10 giorni
CAROTID INTIMAL-MEDIA THICKNESS AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH HISTORY OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
AIM:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in 45 young patients (38 mens and 7 females) with myocardial infarction (MI), age 29-45, mean age 42+/-3 years, to verify its possible role as a marker of coronary atherosclerosis.
METHODS:
Vascular echography was performed to verify the presence of carotid atherosclerosis and/or endothelial dysfunction in 45 young patients with MI and in 45 healthy control subjects well matched for age and sex.
RESULTS:
We observed a normal intima media thickness (IMT) only in 30% of patients with juvenile myocardial infarction (JMI) compared with 66% in the control group (P<0.0001) and 34% of patients showed an increased IMT compared with 24% of healthy subjects (P<0.0001). Compared with control subjects, patients with JMI had lower flow-mediated reactivity of the brachial arteries (P<0.05). There was a negative linear relationship between flow-mediated dilation and IMT (P<0.001). The severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) was correlated with increased IMT and with a lower flow-mediated dilation. Finally, multiple regression analysis, demonstrated that both brachial-artery reactivity and carotid IMT were significantly and independently correlated with severity of CAD.
CONCLUSIONS:
Structural (carotid atherosclerosis) and functional changes (endothelial dysfunction) were present at an early age in the arteries of persons with history of JMI
The Cratering History of Asteroid (2867) Steins
The cratering history of main belt asteroid (2867) Steins has been
investigated using OSIRIS imagery acquired during the Rosetta flyby that took
place on the 5th of September 2008. For this purpose, we applied current models
describing the formation and evolution of main belt asteroids, that provide the
rate and velocity distributions of impactors. These models coupled with
appropriate crater scaling laws, allow the cratering history to be estimated.
Hence, we derive Steins' cratering retention age, namely the time lapsed since
its formation or global surface reset. We also investigate the influence of
various factors -like bulk structure and crater erasing- on the estimated age,
which spans from a few hundred Myrs to more than 1Gyr, depending on the adopted
scaling law and asteroid physical parameters. Moreover, a marked lack of
craters smaller than about 0.6km has been found and interpreted as a result of
a peculiar evolution of Steins cratering record, possibly related either to the
formation of the 2.1km wide impact crater near the south pole or to YORP
reshaping.Comment: Accepted by Planetary and Space Scienc
Finding the trigger to Iapetus' odd global albedo pattern: Dynamics of dust from Saturn's irregular satellites
The leading face of Saturn's moon Iapetus, Cassini Regio, has an albedo only
one tenth that on its trailing side. The origin of this enigmatic dichotomy has
been debated for over forty years, but with new data, a clearer picture is
emerging. Motivated by Cassini radar and imaging observations, we investigate
Soter's model of dark exogenous dust striking an originally brighter Iapetus by
modeling the dynamics of the dark dust from the ring of the exterior retrograde
satellite Phoebe under the relevant perturbations. In particular, we study the
particles' probabilities of striking Iapetus, as well as their expected spatial
distribution on the Iapetian surface. We find that, of the long-lived particles
(greater than about 5 microns), most particle sizes (greater than about 10
microns) are virtually certain to strike Iapetus, and their calculated
distribution on the surface matches up well with Cassini Regio's extent in its
longitudinal span. The satellite's polar regions are observed to be bright,
presumably because ice is deposited there. Thus, in the latitudinal direction
we estimate polar dust deposition rates to help constrain models of thermal
migration invoked to explain the bright poles (Spencer & Denk 2010). We also
analyze dust originating from other irregular outer moons, determining that a
significant fraction of that material will eventually coat Iapetus--perhaps
explaining why the spectrum of Iapetus' dark material differs somewhat from
that of Phoebe. Finally we track the dust particles that do not strike Iapetus,
and find that most land on Titan, with a smaller fraction hitting Hyperion. As
has been previously conjectured, such exogenous dust, coupled with Hyperion's
chaotic rotation, could produce Hyperion's roughly isotropic, moderate-albedo
surface.Comment: Accepted for publication in Icaru
Photometric Observations Constraining the Size, Shape, and Albedo of 2003 El61, a Rapidly Rotating, Pluto-Sized Object in the Kuiper Belt
We present measurements at optical wavelengths of the spectral reflectance,
rotational light curve, and solar phase curve of 2003 EL61. With apparent
visual magnitude 17.5 at 51 AU from the sun, this newly discovered member of
the classical Kuiper Belt is now the third brightest KBO after Pluto and 2005
FY9. Our observations reveal an unambiguous, double-peaked rotational light
curve with period 3.9154 +/- 0.0002 hours and peak to peak amplitude 0.28 +/-
0.04 mag. This is the fastest rotation period reliably determined for any body
in the solar system larger than 100 km. Assuming the body has relaxed over time
to the shape taken by a homogenous fluid body, our observations tightly
constrain the shape and density. Given the mass we recently determined for 2003
EL61 from the orbit of a small satellite, we also constrain the size and
albedo. We find a total length of 1960 to 2500 km, a mean density of 2600 to
3340 kg m-3, and a visual albedo greater than 0.6. We also measure a neutral
reflectance at visible wavelengths and a linear phase curve with slope varying
from 0.09 mag deg-1 in the B band to 0.13 mag deg-1 in the I band. The absolute
V-band magnitude is 0.444+/-0.021.Comment: 27 pages, six figure
- …